Coincidence of facial midline with dental midline

The objective of the present study was to determine the role of facial mid line as a guide for positioning maxillary dental midline for Prosthodontic patients during fabrication of prosthesis. Furthermore the study will help in indicating character as well as perception of discrepancies between dental and facial midline among Pakistani population. The study was carried out within population of Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan from Jan2013 to June 2013. A total of 500 dentate patients with the age range 18 to 30 years were selected randomly. No fixed proportion was proposed. The patients having permanent dentition from 2nd molar to 2nd molar in maxillary arch were included .However patients having midline diastema, orthodontic treatment, or any cranio-facial anomaly were excluded. The patients were observed to check if the maxillary dental midline coincides with the facial midline. The facial midline was examined by marking points between nasion till pognion including centre of philtrum with the help of scale or dental floss. The results of the present study showed that 82.8% patients had their maxillary dental midline coinciding with facial midline. Therefore it was concluded that the Facial midline can be taken as reliable guide in establishment of maxillary dental midline among Pakistani population

Relationship of the inter-condylar width with mandibular inter-canine width

Aesthetic tooth selection and physiological tooth arrangement are the objectives of the complete denture fabrications. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of the intercondylar width with mandibular inter-canine width. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from January to June 2011. A total of 250 dentate subjects were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Maxillary and mandibular arch impressions were taken. The distance between the cusp tips of mandibular canines was measured by using vernier calliper. The inter condylar width was measured using arbitrary face bow. The width between the two condylar rods was measured with vernier calliper in millimetres. Every width was measured three times by the same operator to ensure the accuracy. Data recorded on the Performa for statistical analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients [r] for the inter condylar width and mandibular inter-canine are showing positive correlation and significant [r=0.24, p=0.0005]. Inter-condylar width provides significant measurements for the selection of anterior teeth in edentulous patients

Role of cephalometery in evaluation of vertical dimension

The objective of the present study was to determine the vertical dimension by comparing hard and soft tissues through lateral cephalographs. To show that these measures are compatible with the routinely used methods plus records for future complete denture fabrications. It is a descriptive study and was carried out at the Prosthodontic Department of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from July 2011 to January 2012. A total of twenty completely edentulous patients of both genders were selected and age range was 40 years and above. Demographic data and informed consent of all the patients were obtained. The exclusion criteria included any facial asymmetry, congenital and acquired orofacial deformity and patients not willing to undergo radiography. The cephalographs of each patient was carried out at 2 stages, before and after the insertion of the complete dentures. With the help of lateral cephalographs the hard and the soft tissues were compared. The Rickets cephalometric analysis was to analyze the hard tissues from both the first and second lateral cephalographs for measuring the vertical dimension. The Burstone analysis was used to analyze the soft tissues. The results of the present study showed that the pre and post difference of the skeletal proportions when compared from both the cephalographs was insignificant .Furthermore the stability in the skeletal vertical dimension was observed in Pakistani population. In addition the soft tissue proportions remained near 1 [G-Sn/Sn-Me]. It was concluded that the lateral cephalographic method can be used to evaluate the vertical dimension in the Pakistani population and is complementary to the routinely used methods for the complete denture fabrication

Determination of lower facial height through mandibular morphology using lateral cephalometery

The objective of the present study was to correlate the mandible morphology and lower facial height in occlusion through lateral cephalographs. Moreover the cephalometric measurements can be used as records for future complete dentures fabrication. It is a descriptive study and was carried out at the Prosthodontic Department of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from July 2011 to January 2012. A total of 120 completely edentulous patients of both genders were selected and the age ranged 35 years and above. Demographic data and informed consent of all the patients were taken. The patients with the facial asymmetry, acquired and congenital orofacial deformity were excluded from the study. All those patients not willing to undergo radiography were also not included. The cephalographs of each patient was carried out after the insertion of the complete dentures. The Rickets cephalometric analysis was used to analyze the mandibular shape by [gonial angle] and the mandibular arch. The lower facial height in occlusion was measured by three angles [superior, median, inferior]. The results of the present study showed that there is a positive and a strong correlation between mandibular gonial angle with all the three angles determining the lower facial height. Furthermore the median and inferior angles were found to be having significant correlation with the mandibular arch angle. The regressions for gonial angle [Gonial = 103.527+0.466 [inferior] and for mandibular arch angle [arch =30.519-0.271[superior] +0.227 [inferior] were statistically significant. It was concluded that the mandibular morphology can be used to evaluate the lower facial height in occlusion in the Pakistani population and is complementary to the routinely used methods for the complete denture fabrication

Significance of intercom missural width and anterior teeth selection

The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in the study. It was a cross sectional study and was carried out from Aug 2011 to Jan 2012. Non-probability purposive sampling. The present study included 159 dentate subjects having Angle's class I molar and canine relationships. The patients were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The subjects with history oforthodontic treatment, extractions, drifting and attrition of the teeth were excluded. All those subjects having any restoration in upper anterior segment, any facial deformity, crowding or spacing of anterior teeth were also not included. The informed consent was obtained. The patients were seated in the upright position and were asked to look straight. Before the measurement of intercommissural width subjects were asked to widely open and close the mouth several times. It was done to fatigue the muscles and to relax them during the measurement. The distance between the left and right commisures of mouth were measured using digital caliper. The casts of maxillary arches were used to measure the intercanine width. The distal margin of both the maxillary canines were marked on each sides of the maxillary cast. A dental floss was placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch and was marked at the distal margin of the canines. The dental floss was sectioned at the markings and the distance was measured between the marks using digital caliper. Both the parameters were measured three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a Proforma. The statistical results of this study showed that there was no correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. It was concluded that the intercommissural width was not a good predictor for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth width for edentulous patients in the study group

Correlation between intercondylar distance and mandibular intermolar distance for teeth arrangement

The objective of this study was to find out the potential relationship of intercondylar distance with mandibular intermolar distance. It was a cross-sectional comparative study and was carried out from August 2011 to Jan 2012. The present study was carried out on 250 dentate subjects selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The orthodontically treated subjects and those with congenital or acquired orofacial deformities were also excluded. Al the subjects with a history of tempro-mandibulr joint dysfunction and pain were not included in the study. The impression of the maxillary arch was obtained using irreversible hydrocollide. The vernier caliper was used to measure the distance between the mesiobuccal cusp tips of mandibular first molars. The distance between both the condyles was recorded using an arbitary face bow. The intercondylar distance was measured in millimeters with the help of the vernier caliper. For accuracy every distance was measured three times by the same operator and the mean taken. For the statistical analysis the data was recorded on the proforma. The statistical results of the present study showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients [r] for the intercondylar distance and mandibular intermolar are showing positive correlation and significant [r=0.54 p=0.0005]. It was concluded that the Intercondylar distance measurement can be utilized for the arrangement of posterior teeth in edentulous patients

role of the interalar width in the anterior teeth selection

The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the interalar width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in Pakistani population. It was a cross sectional study and was carried out from May 2011 to November 2011. A total of 159 dentate subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected from the department ofProsthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The demographic information like age *' and sex were recorded and the informed consent was taken. The patients were seated at upright position and asked to look straight. The interalar width was determined by measuring the external width of the alae of the nose at the widest point by using a digital caliper. With subject in a relaxed position, the recording part of the caliper was brought in contact with the outer surface of both alae without applying pressure. The inter canine width was measured from the maxillary stone cast with the help of dental floss, placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch. The distal surfaces of both the maxillary canines were marked on the maxillary cast. The dental floss was sectioned and made straight. The digital caliper was used to measure the distance between the marks. Both the parameters were recorded three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a Proforma. The statistical results of this study have shown that there is no correlation between the interalar width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. lt was concluded that the interalar width is not a reliable predictor for the selection of the width of maxillary anterior teeth in the edentulous patients in Pakistani population

role of interpupillary distance in the selection of anterior teeth

The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the interpupillary distance and combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in the study.It was a cross sectional studyand was carried out from May 2011 to November 2011. Sampling: Non-probability purposive sampling. A total of 159 dentate subjects with Angle's class I molar and canine relationships were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The exclusion criteria included the subjects with history of orthodontic treatment, extractions, drifting and attrition of the teeth. Subjects having any restoration in upper anterior segment, any facial deformity, crowding or spacing of anterior teeth were also excluded. The informed consent was taken. The patients were seated in the upright position and were asked to look straight. The interpupillary distance was measured using the digital caliper. The measurement was made from the mid pupil of one eye to mid pupil of the other eye. The intercanine width was measured from the casts of maxillary arches with the help of dental floss placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch. The distal surfaces of both the maxillary canines were marked on each sides of the maxillary cast. The dental floss was sectioned at the markings and made straight .The distance was measured between the marks using digital caliper. Both the parameters were measured three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a predesigned Proforma. The statistical results of this study showed that there was no correlation between the interpupillary distance and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. It was concluded that the interpupillary distance was not a reliable predictor to select maxillary anterior teeth width for edentulous patients in the study group

role of intercondylar distance in the posterior teeth arrangement

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of intercondylar distance with maxillary intermolar distance. It was cross-sectional comparative study and was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June 2011 to November 2011. A total of 250 dentate subjects were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The impression of the maxillary arch was obtained using alginate. The vernier caliper was used to measure the distance between the mesiobuccal cusp tips of maxillary first molars. With the help of an arbitrary facebow the intercondylar distance was recorded. The distance obtained between the two condylar rods was measured in millimeters with the vernier caliper. Every distance was measured three times to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The data were recorded on the proforma for the statistical analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients [r] for the intercondylar distance and maxillary intermolar showed positive correlation and significant [r=0.53 p=0.0005]. Intercondylar distance provides significant measurements for the arrangement of posterior teeth in edentulous patients

Relationship of the inter condylar distance with maxillary intercanine distance

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of intercondylar distance with maxillary intercanine distance. It was a cross-sectional comparative study which was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from April 2011 to Sep 2011. A total of 250 dentate subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. Upper and lower arch impressions were taken. Vernier caliper was used to measure the distance between the cusp tips of maxillary canines. Intercondylar distance was measured using arbitrary face bow. The distance between the two condylar rods measured in millimeters with vernier caliper. Every distance was measured three times to ensure the accuracy and mean taken. Data were recorded on the proforma for statistical analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients [r] for the intercondylar distance and maxillary intercanine showed positive correlation and significant [r=.24; p=00005]. It was concluded that Intercondylar distance provides significant measurements for the selection of anterior teeth in edentulous patients

Candidal count in patients with complete dental prostheses

The aim of the analysis was to compare the candidal count at the time of insertion and after one month of wearing complete dentures. It was a quasi-experimental study which was carried out at Department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College. Study group consisted of forty edentulous patients with no previous denture history. They obtained new complete dentures. Samples were taken using the oral rinse technique and cultured on sabouraud agar. Candidal colonies were detected and counted as colony forming units at the time of insertion and after one month of wearing complete dentures. To confirm presence of Candida gram staining and germ tube test were also carried out. Change in candidal count was significantly higher after one month of wearing complete dentures [p=0.0001]. Difference in candidal count was significantly higher in females than males. Candidal count was significant after wearing complete dentures and this should be considered as an important factor that can pre-dispose the patients to Candida induced denture stomatitis